Chemical injection skids: Generally the Oil and Gas Extraction process requires Injection for its application. Chemical injection systems typically consist of multiple chemical services with associated single or multi-compartment storage tanks or pressure vessels. In the Injection, Major factor is the Injection rate and Injection…
Year: 2019
VISCOMETER
A fluid’s resistance to flow is its viscosity—the ratio of force required to overcome internal friction between layers of fluid (shearing stress) to the change in speed between layers of fluid (velocity gradient). Many quality control measures are based on viscosity. For example, paint needs to…
ISO STANDARS FOR PAINT AND VARNISH
ISO 4618:2006 Paints and varnishes – Terms and definitions. ISO 8501-1:2007 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products – Visual assessment of surface cleanliness – Part 1: Rust grades and preparation grades of uncoated steel substrates and of steel substrates after…
INSULATION
What is Aerogel insulation? Aerogel is a synthetic porous ultralight material derived from a gel, in which the liquid component for the gel has been replaced with a gas. The result is a solid with extremely low density and low thermal conductivity. … Carbon aerogels…
Airless Sprayer Tip Sizing Guide
Picking the correct tip and size is essential for a quality finish and ease of use. This may seem a bit confusing or complicated at first but once you understand it, picking the right tip is not rocket science and can save you time and…
How To Know That Paint Has Dried
Painting a bridge or an industrial structure is an expensive operation. Now more than ever, state DOTs and facility owners are specifying warranties and application methods to ensure the longest possible life for their coatings. Determining what factors affect paint cure can help to achieve…
Handling and Installing Valves
Identify the common requirements for valve nameplates Identify the correct procedure for storing and handling valves. Valve Nameplates As there are many different types of valves and different standards that are applicable for each type of valve it is not possible to give a definitive…
Weld defects, their Causes and Remedies
Two Major Aspects of Fusion Welding Effects of welding : Effects of welding are those which will always happen when we weld –Residual stressesDistortionFormation of HAZ with metallurgical changes Defects of welding : Defects are those which can be theoretically eliminated, such as –Cracks, Lack…
Valves for Piping Systems
Fluids and gassed do not just flow freely through piping systems. They must be regulated and at certain points stopped. There are a number of different types of valves used in piping systems, the most common types of stop valves being: Ball valve Butterfly valve…
Fittings for Pipe Joints
How Fittings are connected to Pipes BSP fittings are a family of fittings used to connect up threaded pipe and equipment. They are manufactured from pipe, bar, hollow bar, castings or forgings. The fittings are used in non-critical, low pressure applications where welding is not…
Introduction to Pipe Fittings
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ADDITIONAL TEST IN GALVANIZED STEEL
Every hot-dip galvanized steel part is inspected for coating thickness and visually for appearance and finish. However, there are a few additional tests that may be conducted on certain types of parts or when there is a question or concern about a specific item. Adherence…
GALVANIZED COATING THICKNESS REQUIREMENT ASTM A123
ASTM A123/A123M covers individual steel pieces as well as assemblies of various classes of material. The six material categories covered in ASTM A123/A123M include structural shapes, plate, strip and bar, pipe and tubing, wire, and reinforcing bar. A fabrication can have more than one material category such as a frame assembly.…
Test Methods for Coating Adhesion
For coatings to perform satisfactorily, they must adhere to the substrates on which they are applied. A variety of recognized methods can be used to determine how well a coating is bonded to the substrate. Commonly used measuring techniques are performed with a knife or…
Reciprocating Compressor Testing
The reciprocating compressor testing article provides information about reciprocating compressor mechanical running test, aerodynamic testing, hydro static testing, gas leakage test, bar-over test and vibration analysis and testing. You may want to review the reciprocating compressor inspection procedure and inspection and test plan. Reciprocating Compressor…
External Defects
Undercut A groove melted into the base metal adjacent to the WELD TOE OR WELD ROOT AND LEFT UNFILLED by weld metal Typical Appearance of Undercut Undercut Adjacent to Fillet Weld Undercut Overlap The projection of weld metal beyond the weld toe or weld root…
Weld defects, their Causes & Remedies
Two Major Aspects of Fusion Welding Effects of welding Defects of welding Effects of welding are those which will always happen when we weld Defects are those which can be theoretically eliminated, such as Residual stresses Cracks, Lack of Fusion, slag inclusions, porosity and undercuts…
TYPES OF WELDING DEFECTS
Incomplete Penetration Incomplete penetration happens when your filler metal and base metal aren’t joined properly, and the result is a gap or a crack of some sort. Check out the Figure below for an example of incomplete penetration. a common case of incomplete penetration Welds…
WATER JET CUTTING
A diagram of a water jet cutter. #1: high-pressure water inlet. #2: jewel (ruby or diamond). #3: abrasive (garnet). #4: mixing tube. #5: guard. #6: cutting water jet. #7: cut material A water jet cutter, also known as a water jetor waterjet, is an industrial tool capable of…
Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM)
A tunnel boring machine (TBM), also known as a “mole”, is a machine used to excavate tunnels with a circular cross section through a variety of soil and rock strata. They may also be used for microtunneling. They can bore through anything from hard rock to sand. Tunnel diameters can range from one…
Pressure Reducing Valve
A pressure-reducing valve maintains lower pressures in branches of hydraulic systems. The system relief valve or other pressure-setting device determines upstream main system pressure. A pressure-reducing valve is normally an open, 2-way valve that allows system pressure fluid to flow through it until a set pressure is reached downstream. It then shifts…
Inspection for Valve – Procedure
The Third Party Inspection for Valve article provides you with a sample valve inspection and testing procedure in the manufacturing shop. It is particularly suitable for the inspection of Gate, Globe, Ball and Check Valves. This article should be reviewed in conjunction with valve inspection and valve inspection…
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